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Coyotes-Wolves-Cougars.blogspot.com

Grizzly bears, black bears, wolves, coyotes, cougars/ mountain lions,bobcats, wolverines, lynx, foxes, fishers and martens are the suite of carnivores that originally inhabited North America after the Pleistocene extinctions. This site invites research, commentary, point/counterpoint on that suite of native animals (predator and prey) that inhabited The Americas circa 1500-at the initial point of European exploration and subsequent colonization. Landscape ecology, journal accounts of explorers and frontiersmen, genetic evaluations of museum animals, peer reviewed 20th and 21st century research on various aspects of our "Wild America" as well as subjective commentary from expert and layman alike. All of the above being revealed and discussed with the underlying goal of one day seeing our Continent rewilded.....Where big enough swaths of open space exist with connective corridors to other large forest, meadow, mountain, valley, prairie, desert and chaparral wildlands.....Thereby enabling all of our historic fauna, including man, to live in a sustainable and healthy environment. - Blogger Rick

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Wednesday, January 19, 2011

1819-20 Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains Expedition with notes by Edwin James, Botanist and Geologist............Encounters with the coyote(or Prairie Wolf) and it's uncanny ability(intelligence) to avoid being trapped.........................

ACCOUNT
OF AN
EXPEDITION
FROM PITTSBURGH
TO
THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS,
PERFORMED
IN THE YEARS 1819,1820BY ORDER OF THE
HoN. J. C. CALHOUN, SECRETARY OF WAR,
UNDER THE COMMAND OF
MAJ. S. H. LONG, OF THE U. S. Top. ENGINEERS.COMPILED
FROM THE NOTES OF MAJOR LONG, MR. T. SAY,AND OTHER GENTLEMEN OF THE PARTY,
By EDWIN JAMES,
BOTANIST AND GEOLOGIST TO THE EXPEDITION



The prairie wolves  roam over the plains in considerable numbers, and during the night, the principal season of their hunts, they venture very near to the encampment of the traveller. They are by far the most numerous of our wolves, and often unite in packs for the purpose of chasing deer, which they very frequently succeed in running down, ' and killing. This, however, is an achievement, attended with much difficulty to them, and in which the exertion of their utmost swiftness and cunning.are so often unavailing, that they are sometimes reduced to the necessity of eating wild plums, and other fruits, to them almost indigestible, in order to distend the stomach, and appease,. in a degree, the cravings of hunger.

 
Their bark is much more distinctly like that of the domestic dog, than of any other animal ; in fact the first two or three notes could not be distinguished from the bark of a small terrier, but these notes are succeeded by a lengthened scream.
The wonderful intelligence -of this animal is well worthy of note, and a few anecdotes respecting it may not be amiss. Mr. Peale constructed and tried various kinds of traps to take them, one of which was of 'the description called a live trap,"" a shallow box reversed, and supported-at one end, by the well known kind of trap sticks, usually called the "" figure fbur,"" which elevated the front of the trap upwards of three feet above its slab flooring ; the trap was about six feet long, and nearly the same in breadth, and was plentifully baited with offal. Notwithstanding this arrangement, a wolf' actually burrowed under the flooring, and pulled down the bait through the crevices of the floor ; tracks of different sizes were observed about the trap. This procedure would seem to be the result of a faculty beyond mere instinct.

 
This trap proving useless, another was constructed in, a different part of the country,, formed like a large cage, but with a small entrance on the top, through which the animals might enter, but not return ; this was equally unsuccessful , the wolves `attempted in vain to get at the bait, as they would, not enter by the route prepared for them.
A large double "" steel trap"" was next tried ; this was profusely baited, and the whole, with the exception of the bait, was carefully concealed beneath the fallen leaves. This was also unsuccessful. Tracks o the anticipated victims were next day observed to be impressed in numbers on the earth near the spot, but still the trap, with its seductive charge, remained untouched. The bait was then removed from the trap, and suspended over it from the branch of a tree , several pieces of meat were also suspended in a similar manner, from trees in the vicinity ; the following morning the bait over the trap alone remained. Supposing that their exquisite sense of smell warned them of the position of the trap, it was removed, and again covered with leaves, and the baits being dis.P posed as before, the leaves to a considerable distance around were burned, and the trap remained perfectly concealed by ashes ; still the bait over the trap was avoided.
 Once only this trap was sprung,. and had fastened for a short time upon the foot of a species, which was shot the following day at no great distance it proved to be a species distinct from the prairie wolf, and we have described it under the name of C. nubilus--One gray wolf did succomb to the trap--blogger Rick

 
In no respect disheartened by these futile attempts, many times repeated, and varied in every obvious manner, another scheme was executed, which eventuated in complete success. This was the log trap, in which one log is elevated above another at one end, by means of an upright stick, which rests upon a rounded horizontal trigger stick, on the inferior log.
The latrans does not diffuse the offensive odour, so remarkable in the two species of jackalls, (C. aureus and C. anthus) though in many respects it resembles those animals. Like the Mexicanus, the hair on the vertebral line is elongated and we should be. disposed to regard it as the same animal, but it differs from the description of that species,, both in colour and physiognomy. . The ears are proportionally longer than those of C. cancrivorus, and, as well as the tail, shorter than the corresponding parts of C. mesomelas.
This animal, which does not seem to be known to naturalists, unless it should prove to be the Mexicanus, is most probably the original of the domestic dog, so common in the villages of the Indians of this region, some of the varieties, of which still retain much of the habit and manners of this species

We hear the barking, of the prairie wolves every night about us they venture close to our huts ; last night they, ran down and killed a doe, within a short distance of our huts; this morning the remains of the carcass were found, -consisting only of bones and skin.

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